Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It has an elevation of 8,848.86 meters (29,031.69 feet) above sea level. Prior to December 8, 2020, its altitude was estimated at 8,848 meters above sea level.
Everest is located in the high mountainous region of Khumbu Pasanglamu village in Solukhumbu district of Nepal. In the Tibetan language, it is also called Chomolung or Jhomolong. The local Sherpas call Mt. Everest Myolongsongma (the goddess of Mt. Everest). Especially the local Bahing Kirat (Rai) people call Mt. Everest Jojoomfu (High Peak). Similarly, the locals of Thulung Rai call Mt. Everest Chomolung.
Everest was named Mount Everest in 1865 after the British surveyor Colonel Sir George Everest. Later, in 1956 (2012), Shiromani Baburam Acharya named it Mount Everest and also wrote the Nepali name of Mount Everest, Xyamolongmo. It is also called Devdhunga in some places. Everest was first stepped on May 29, 1953 at 11:15 a.m. by Tenzing Norgay Sherpa of Nepal and Sir Edmund Hillary of New Zealand.
Naming and climbing background
In 1809, WS Webb, who set out in search of the Upper Ganges, the Kumaon region, discovered the Dhaulagiri Himal in Nepal at an altitude of over 8,000 meters. That is, Dhaulagiri Himal (8,172 m) is the first mountain to be measured in the Himalayas. After measuring the height of this mountain, it was called the highest mountain in the world.Later, in 1848, the height of Kanchenjunga was measured and its height was found to be 8,586 meters. Kanchenjunga was called the highest peak in the world. In the same year, the height of other mountains was measured and records were collected and sent to the office of the Survey of India. About three years later, in 1852, when Mount Everest was declared the tallest peak in the world, its height was considered to be 29,002 feet. Everest was named after the Roman emblem 'Peak 15'.
Radhanath Sikandar, a Bengali citizen, claimed to have discovered the highest peak in 1852, as part of a team from the Survey Department of India, which was measuring the height of the mountains using a 'Keoda light' instrument. Radhanath's assistant was a disciple named Hennessy. The survey staff of the department Tejvir Budhathoki and Radhanath Sikder discovered that the height of the peak was 8,840 meters. Radhanath was a talented mathematician. He was only 19 years old when he joined the Survey of India. There is a reason why she is remembered in Bengal even today because she used to issue a postal magazine called 'Masik Patra', which was especially for women.
The postal magazine used Bengali language and contained material to raise the level of social consciousness of women. The method of measuring the height of the highest peak was developed by the British engineer George Everest. After the search for the world's highest peak began, Sir Andrew Wagh, the Surveyor-General of India, who was studying the plains of Bihar (India), renamed it Mount Everest in 1865 (1921) in memory of his predecessor, George Everest. The team of Andrew Wagh also claimed that one of the peaks of Nepal is the highest part of the world. George was 75 years old when he was named by the then Company Government of India. George Everest was the Surveyor General of India from 1825 to 1843. In the year 2013 BS, historian Baburam Acharya renamed the mountain Nepali and named it 'Everest'. He had given the Nepali name of this mountain through a magazine called 'Sharda'. According to Acharya, he did not give the new name, he had found the old name.
The first ascent
In the summer of 1952, Swiss citizens were allowed to climb Mt. Everest, and by 1953, British citizens were given one last chance to climb successfully. In 1954, French nationals and in 1955, Swiss nationals were allowed to climb. The British Himalayan Committee had appointed John Hunt, an army officer with a record of high mountain and mountaineering, as the team leader. The group he led failed to make the voyage to Everest in 1936. Hunt's group was large. The people who climbed with Sipton in 1952 were also included. The group included George Wand, Tom Warden, Charles, Alf Gregory, Edmund Hillary, George Lowe, Michael Ward, Tim Doctor, Mikhail Westmacott and Charles Wiley. At the time, James Morris was writing news for the magazine and Tom Stuart was photographing the work. Tenzing was invited to join the Arohan group as the chief of the Sherpas. During that adventurous journey, camps were set up in a line from the base camp to the face of Lhotse.
Two types of oxygen devices were used during the trip. On May 26, at 7 a.m., Verdello and Evans set out for the camp from Khonch with Hunt and Namgyal Sherpa. Although Verdelo and Evans made good progress at the beginning, the ascent was delayed due to snow and oxygen set. In the end their attempt was unsuccessful and they fell down. On May 28, with the help of Hillary and Tenzing Lowe and Aung Nima, they reached the Ninth Camp. At 6.30am on the morning of May 19, Hillary and Tenzing began to climb. Before reaching the southern peak, the journey was interrupted by snow. In this situation, Hillary became frightened. On the one hand, the avalanche from above was a life-threatening situation, on the other hand, the only chance to reach the summit of Everest was not to be missed. They had reached Dakshini Takura by climbing the cliff at 9 in the morning. It seemed difficult to climb the last mountain, but they moved forward with patience. This was the complex step of the now famous Hillary. Then Tenzing and Hillary easily reached the summit. After a short rest, congratulations were exchanged. From Tenzing, Hillary took a photo of the summit and headed north for signs of Mallory and Irvine.
Historical schedule of mountaineering
1852, Indian Research: Recognizing Mount Everest as the world's highest peak by Indian survey research, General Surveyor Sir Andrew Wah named the 15th Chuli.
1921, United Kingdom: Howard Ware and GL Mallory climb a 22,900-foot northern ridge.
1922 - United Kingdom: The first ascent of Mt. Everest, led by General Charles, GL Mallory, EF Norton and Howard Somerwell, and a Sherpa climbed 26,000 feet (7939 m) without oxygen. Gorge Finch and J.G. Vrs took oxygen and reached an altitude of 27,300 feet, 8,300 meters.
In 1924, on his second adventure in the United Kingdom, General Charles and E. F. Norton, led by General Charles, reached an altitude of 28,126 feet, 7,580 meters. Mallory and Andrew Irwin disappeared at an altitude of 27,600 feet.
In 1933, the third ascent, led by Hugh Rutledge, reached a height of 28,126 feet, 7,580 meters.
1935, United Kingdom: Eric Shipton leads research team.
1936, United Kingdom: A fourth expedition led by Hugh Routledge returns due to bad weather.
1938, United Kingdom: H. W. The fifth ascent led by Tillman was postponed due to bad weather.
1950, United Kingdom: H. W. Tillman and Charles Houston inspected the Khumbu Glacier.
1951, United Kingdom: E. Shipton inspected the southern route to the summit.
1952, Switzerland: E. The first ascent, led by Vice Dunant, was completed the year before. Raymond Lambert and Tenzing Norgay reached an altitude of 28,200 feet, 8,600 meters.
1953, United Kingdom: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, led by Colonel John Hunt, reach the summit of Mount Everest on May 29.
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